Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

Denise Levertov's poem "Ikon: The Harrowing of Hell" delves into the profound moment of Christ's descent into Hell to rescue the souls of the righteous. This theological concept, often depicted in religious iconography, is explored with rich, evocative language and a deep sense of reverence and awe.

The poem begins with Christ moving through the "tomb's inward arch," symbolizing His entry into the realm of the dead. Levertov describes Christ's mission to awaken the "merciful dead, the prophets, the innocents just His own age," and countless others who have been waiting in a state of "dreamless slumber." This action highlights Christ's role as the redeemer, extending His mercy to those who have long awaited salvation.

Levertov's depiction of Christ tugging at their hands, pulling them "from their sarcophagi," captures the moment of divine intervention with a sense of urgency and compassion. The inclusion of Didmas, the repentant thief crucified alongside Jesus, underscores the timeless nature of Christ's promise of salvation. In Limbo, time is irrelevant, and the promise given "from cross to cross" transcends the temporal boundaries of sunset and dawn.

As Christ leads these souls to safety, Levertov emphasizes the magnitude of the "struggle no human presumes to picture." The physical act of descending into Hell, living and dying, and the ultimate rescue of the just are depicted as immense challenges. However, the poem suggests that these are minor compared to the task of breaking "through earth and stone of the faithless world" to return to the physical realm.

The imagery of Christ breaking back into the "cold sepulchre" and tearing free from the "tearstained stifling shroud" poignantly illustrates His resurrection. This moment is infused with a sense of divine struggle and triumph as Christ's mortal flesh, now "lit from within," symbolizes His transformed, resurrected body. Levertov captures the duality of Christ's nature—His mortal wounds still present, yet His spirit illuminating His flesh.

The poem concludes with a reflection on Christ's divine patience and humility. Despite the overwhelming desire to return to His heavenly home, He first chooses to re-engage with the world. This re-engagement is marked by acts of humble, human connection—experiencing hunger and allowing His friends the joy of giving Him food, such as "fish and a honeycomb." This ending underscores the theme of Christ's continued presence and care for humanity, even after His resurrection.

"Ikon: The Harrowing of Hell" by Denise Levertov is a deeply contemplative and richly textured poem that explores the themes of redemption, divine struggle, and the intersection of the mortal and the divine. Through vivid imagery and profound theological insights, Levertov invites readers to reflect on the significance of Christ's resurrection and His enduring presence in the world.

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