Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

"The Message of Crazy Horse" by Lucille Clifton is a profound and evocative poem that channels the spirit and legacy of Crazy Horse, the esteemed Lakota leader known for his bravery, visionary leadership, and deep connection to his homeland and people. Clifton masterfully adopts the voice of Crazy Horse, weaving together elements of his personal life, his spiritual beliefs, and his prophetic visions into a narrative that transcends time and space. This poem, like much of Clifton's work, explores themes of identity, power, and the sacredness of the earth, while also paying homage to the resilience and spirit of the Native American people.

The poem begins with a powerful image of Crazy Horse sitting "in the center of the world, the Black Hills hooped around me," which immediately establishes a deep connection between the leader and the sacred land of the Lakota people. The Black Hills, considered the heart of everything that is by the Lakota, serve as a spiritual center and a source of strength and vision for Crazy Horse. His mention of dreaming of his "dancing horse" suggests a harmony between the physical and spiritual worlds, a theme that resonates throughout the poem.

Clifton introduces personal elements of Crazy Horse's life, mentioning his wife, Black Shawl, and his daughter, They Are Afraid Of Her, highlighting the importance of family and community. The confession "i was afraid of nothing / except Black Buffalo Woman" reveals a vulnerability in Crazy Horse, illustrating the complexity of his character beyond his role as a warrior and leader. His love for Black Buffalo Woman, worn "instead of feathers," symbolizes honor, pride, and perhaps the weight of unfulfilled desire or forbidden love.

The refrain "my medicine is strong" underscores Crazy Horse's spiritual power and his belief in the potency of his visions and dreams. The "Black basket of these fingers" metaphorically represents the holding of sacred knowledge and the ability to influence and heal, further emphasizing Crazy Horse's role as a spiritual leader.

Clifton's use of the phrase "the hoop of the world is breaking" alludes to the disruption and destruction of the Lakota way of life by colonial forces, a theme that is both historical and prophetic. The imagery of fire burning "in the four directions" and dreamers running away signifies a period of great upheaval and loss, reflecting the challenges faced by the Lakota people during Crazy Horse's time and in the years that followed.

The poem concludes with Crazy Horse affirming his identity and his prophetic vision: "i have seen it. i am crazy horse." This statement serves as a declaration of his enduring spirit and the lasting impact of his leadership and vision on his people and the world. Clifton's portrayal of Crazy Horse is not only a tribute to his life and legacy but also a reminder of the ongoing struggle for Indigenous rights, sovereignty, and the preservation of sacred lands and traditions.

"The Message of Crazy Horse" is a testament to Lucille Clifton's ability to give voice to powerful historical figures and themes, inviting readers to reflect on issues of justice, spirituality, and the interconnectedness of all life. Through this poem, Clifton honors the memory of Crazy Horse and the enduring strength of the Lakota people, while also challenging readers to consider the implications of history and the importance of honoring sacred relationships with the earth and each other.

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