Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

"Dharma" by Billy Collins presents a contemplative reflection on simplicity, freedom, and the essence of living unburdened through the daily routine of a dog. Collins juxtaposes the unencumbered life of the dog with historical figures known for their philosophical or spiritual pursuits of simplicity, thereby exploring the concept of dharma, or one's rightful path and duty in life, through the lens of the animal world. The poem is infused with humor, warmth, and a deep sense of admiration for the dog's way of being, inviting readers to reconsider the values and complexities that govern human lives.

The poem opens with the image of the dog trotting out the front door every morning, an act marked by its simplicity and lack of concern for the material possessions and societal norms that humans consider necessary. This daily ritual fills the speaker's heart with "milky admiration," establishing a tone of affectionate reverence for the dog's approach to life. The dog's indifference to hats, umbrellas, money, and keys serves as a metaphor for living free from the burdens of materialism and unnecessary concerns.

Collins then poses the rhetorical question of who provides a "finer example of a life without encumbrance," comparing the dog to Thoreau in his minimalist hut and Gandhi in his ascetic lifestyle. This comparison elevates the dog's simple actions to the level of philosophical or spiritual practice, suggesting that the essence of dharma—living in accordance with one's nature and principles—can be found in the most ordinary of beings and routines.

The description of the dog's ventures into the "material world" with nothing but her natural attributes and her senses highlights a form of purity and authenticity that humans often strive for but rarely achieve. The dog's navigation by her "wet nose" and her "steady breathing" emphasizes a connection to the present moment and the natural world that human society frequently overlooks in its pursuits and distractions.

However, Collins introduces a humorous twist by acknowledging the dog's imperfections, such as shoving the cat aside and eagerly seeking affection. These actions remind the reader of the dog's animal instincts and desires, tempering the idealization of her simplicity with the reality of her nature. Despite these imperfections, or perhaps because of them, the dog remains a compelling figure of "earthly detachment."

The closing lines of the poem, "if only I were not her god," reveal the speaker's awareness of the complex relationship between humans and pets. This acknowledgment adds depth to the poem, suggesting that the admiration for the dog's way of life is intertwined with the responsibilities and bonds that humans share with their animal companions.

Through "Dharma," Billy Collins invites readers to reflect on the values and burdens that shape their lives, using the figure of the dog to illustrate a model of being that embraces simplicity, presence, and naturalness. The poem celebrates the beauty of living in accordance with one's essence, while also recognizing the interconnectedness of all beings and the varied roles we play in each other's lives.

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