Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

"Surface" is a poem by Jorie Graham that was published in her 1995 collection "The Errancy." The poem explores the nature of human consciousness and perception, specifically the idea that the surface of things is not always what it seems.

Explanation:

Surface" is a poem that explores the nature of perception and the way that we perceive the world around us. The speaker observes various objects and scenes, from a body of water to a bird to a pile of leaves, and considers how our perceptions of these things are shaped by our own experiences and perspectives. The poem suggests that there is always more to be seen and understood than what is immediately visible on the surface, and that our perceptions are constantly evolving as we gain new knowledge and experiences. There is no clear narrative plot, but rather a series of observations and musings on the nature of perception.

Poetic Elements:

• Form: Free verse
• Theme: The overarching theme of the poem is the complexity of the human experience and the challenge ofmaking meaning out of the chaos of life.
• Imagery: The poem uses vivid sensory imagery to explore the idea that the surface of things ca be deceptive, such as the "surface" of the ocean or the "surface" of a painting.
• Tone: The tone is contemplative and introspective, with a sense of wonder and curiosity.
• Sound: The poem makes use of repetition and alliteration to create a sense of musicality and rhythm.
• Language: The language is complex and layered, with frequent use of metaphor and imagery.
• Figurative language: The poem makes use of metaphor and personification to explore the theme of perception.
• Structure: The poem is divided into several sections, each of which explores a different aspect of the theme.
• Symbolism: The ocean and painting serve as symbols for the surface of things.
• Emotion: The poem conveys a sense of awe and wonder at the complexity of human perception.

In "Surface," Graham invites the reader to question the nature of perception and reality, suggesting that things are not always as they appear on the surface. Through vivid sensory imagery and complex language, the poem explores the idea that the surface of things is often a mere illusion, concealing deeper truths that are difficult to perceive.

Poem Snippet:

"The water is like the mind

that enters it, transforms.

The water is like the thought

that alters it."

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