Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

In "Lines for a Book," Thom Gunn reflects on the value of strength, resilience, and action throughout history, expressing gratitude for those who have embodied these qualities. The poem contrasts physical prowess and decisive action with introspection and sensibility, ultimately praising the former.

Gunn begins by acknowledging "all the toughs through history," individuals whose pride and resilience have made a significant impact. He recognizes that their pride, while exalting some and overthrowing others, transcends mere vanity. Instead, it is rooted in a deeper understanding that the mind's value lies not in self-admiration but in action.

The poem contrasts action with contemplation, suggesting that it is better to engage directly with life than to dwell on thoughts and feelings. For example, Gunn argues that "it's better / To go and see your friend than write a letter," emphasizing the importance of personal connection over distant communication. Similarly, he values physical capability and resilience, stating that it is preferable "To be a soldier than to be a cripple," highlighting the esteem for those who actively participate in life's challenges.

Gunn critiques excessive attachment and dependency, advocating for early independence and self-reliance. He suggests that it is better "To take an early weaning from the nipple / Than think your mother is the only girl," promoting the idea of moving beyond familial dependency to embrace broader experiences.

The poem also emphasizes the importance of developing a strong will and being decisive. Gunn values the ability "to steel the will" over being "irresolute all day at stool / Inside the heart," advocating for action and determination rather than passive contemplation.

Gunn's disdain for pity directed towards those who cannot help themselves further underscores his emphasis on strength and self-reliance. He argues that pity is ultimately useless to the recipient, suggesting that it is better to "despise the fool, / Who may not help himself and may not choose," than to offer ineffective sympathy.

The poem continues to praise those who have taken decisive action throughout history, describing them as "exclusive by their action." Gunn admires athletes, soldiers, and other individuals whose lives were defined by their physical and mental toughness, suggesting that "mere thought could be no satisfaction" for them. He contrasts their active lives with the passive existence of "pale curators and the families," who are shielded from the disturbing images and harsh realities faced by the toughs.

Gunn's repetition of the opening lines in the conclusion—"I think of all the toughs through history / And thank heaven they lived, continually"—reinforces his admiration for these individuals. The poem celebrates the enduring legacy of strength, resilience, and action, suggesting that these qualities are essential for navigating life's challenges and making a lasting impact.

In "Lines for a Book," Thom Gunn elevates the virtues of physical and mental toughness, advocating for action, decisiveness, and resilience over introspection and sensibility. The poem serves as a tribute to those who have lived boldly and made significant contributions through their strength and determination.

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