Classic and Contemporary Poetry: Explained

Charles Olson?s "Will: Termite Mothers" is a sharp and biting commentary on natural patterns, human behavior, and the poetic vocation. The poem’s imagery draws on metaphors from the natural world—termites, locusts, and aphids—to explore themes of stagnation, adaptability, and creative vitality, while also critiquing a specific cultural or artistic milieu.

The title emphasizes "will," a central concept suggesting determination, agency, or even the lack thereof. Olson juxtaposes this notion against the behavior of termites and locusts, creatures whose actions are driven by instinct rather than conscious choice. Termite mothers and locusts represent unrelenting consumption, survival, and reproduction, suggesting a critique of mechanical or unthinking existence. These figures are not merely natural phenomena but metaphors for certain human behaviors, especially in the creative realm.

The poem begins with "termite mothers," evoking images of relentless and destructive reproduction. Termites are notorious for consuming the very structures they inhabit, a behavior Olson uses to suggest a kind of parasitism or self-destruction. This imagery parallels the idea of creative or intellectual stagnation—individuals or groups that consume resources without contributing anything meaningful or enduring. The termite mothers symbolize not just consumption but an overemphasis on production for its own sake, disconnected from purpose or vision.

The "locust?s children" continue this theme of unchecked consumption. Locusts, known for their devastating swarms, are emblematic of chaos and destruction. Olson’s use of "children" suggests a generational cycle, implying that such behaviors are perpetuated and inherited. The locusts? destructive swarming contrasts with the termite?s insular consumption, creating a broader critique of mindless actions that harm both the individual and the environment.

The poem shifts tone with the introduction of "greasy eyed fried poets from the South." This phrase is laced with biting irony and disdain. Olson appears to critique a particular group of poets, perhaps those he perceives as derivative, unoriginal, or overly sentimental. The phrase "greasy eyed fried" suggests indulgence, laziness, or a lack of refinement, contrasting sharply with the disciplined and intentional creation Olson champions. By situating these poets "from the South," Olson may be alluding to a specific cultural or regional poetic tradition, possibly one he views as stagnant or overly self-involved.

The poem then presents the aphids, creatures dependent on their host plants for survival. Olson critiques their inability to "shift to a nearby eucalyptus tree," even when their original host tree dies. This inability to adapt underscores the theme of creative stagnation and the refusal to embrace change. The eucalyptus tree, described as "as good for them to host on," symbolizes alternative possibilities, opportunities for growth or renewal that are ignored due to inertia or fear of change. Olson’s aphids embody a lack of will, a failure to exercise agency or imagination.

Throughout the poem, Olson uses the natural world as a mirror for human behavior, drawing parallels between the instincts of insects and the actions of individuals or groups. The termites, locusts, and aphids serve as potent symbols for stagnation, consumption without renewal, and an unwillingness to adapt. By likening these creatures to poets, Olson critiques those who fail to transcend their circumstances or rise to the challenges of true creativity.

The poem’s structure is compact, its language pointed and unadorned. Olson’s characteristic lack of punctuation allows for fluidity and multiple interpretations, emphasizing the interconnectedness of his metaphors. The spareness of the language mirrors the barrenness he critiques—a creative world stripped of vitality and purpose.

"Will: Termite Mothers" ultimately challenges both the poet and the reader to consider the nature of will and the responsibilities it entails. Olson critiques not just mindless consumption or destruction but also the failure to adapt, innovate, and grow. The poem asks us to reflect on our own tendencies toward stagnation or complacency, urging a move toward intentionality and creative renewal.

By grounding his critique in the natural world, Olson universalizes his themes, making them relevant beyond the specific poetic or cultural context he addresses. The termites, locusts, and aphids remind us that survival alone is not enough; what matters is how we engage with the world and whether we have the will to create something meaningful and enduring.

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